Although construction of the infrastructure for this permanent human settlement is envisaged for the end of this decade by many, there is no definite mission plan yet. NASA is about to send humans to the lunar surface again within the next few years, and ESA has proposed the concept of the Moon Village, with the goal of a sustainable human presence and activity on the lunar surface. There is strong interest in lunar exploration from governmental space agencies, private companies and the public. Therefore, a review of the main data needed for an energetic analysis of such a hostile place as the lunar planet is provided and analysed, with the intention to maximizes in-situ resource utilization. The same can hardly be said for hostile places, where the safety and well-being of people are more difficult to provide. The issues of thermal comfort and energetic evaluation in living environments is becoming increasingly studied, with numerous reliable and tested tools for assessing ordinary places. Furthermore, the key issues related to an engineering design of the modules are discussed, with a particular attention to the thermo-energetic aspects. The first aim of this paper is to outline the key aspects of two lunar habitats concepts, One Moon, developed by ESA, and MaMBA. Many aspects in the design of space residences must be considered, with the awareness that human health and well- being must be at the centre of every design choice. International space agency and private companies started to investigate and design new solutions for permanent habitats on lunar soil. Here in this paper, we are going to study the brief concept of in-situ resource utilization and in-situ resource utilization for Moon & Mars.įrom the introduction of the “Moon Village” concept by the ESA Director General Jan Wörner, the interest towards a permanent settlement on the Moon increased. In two of its four mission directorates, NASA is actively working on technological development programs because it recognizes the crucial necessity of ISRU for the future. It could dramatically improve the ability to carry out future missions by reducing the need on resources brought from Earth (such propellants and consumables for life support systems). Future exploration expeditions can be supported by a wide range of systems known as in-situ resource utilization (ISRU), which enables the creation and use of extraterrestrial resources. This can result in considerable launch mass and cost savings. It is possible to extract or create useful resources from planetary atmospheres, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, methane, and water, for use in propulsion and life support systems. Utilizing resources in-situ is one of these new information technologies' most potential applications. A level of machine intelligence and accompanying autonomy that was previously unattainable to the mission and spacecraft designer and the system operator will also be made possible by particular technologies, like as neural nets. A new capability is being developed as a result of the fast-accelerating performance of information technologies, and it clearly bears the potential of vastly boosting exploration possibilities as well as significantly lowering design, development, and operating costs.
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